PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. First, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last 13 years.